Table 4 Comparison between the measured displacement values and the simulation values.

From: Inverse analysis of surrounding rock parameters of loess tunnels and numerical simulation analysis of stress-seepage coupling under water migration

Type of result

The settlement value of the crown at point A/mm

BC line convergence value/mm

DE line convergence value/mm

Measured value

140.1

21.5

29.7

Simulated value

145.3

22.4

30.8

Relative difference in error (%)

3.8

4.2

3.7

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