Table 6 Comparison of horizontal and vertical effective stress at monitoring points.

From: Inverse analysis of surrounding rock parameters of loess tunnels and numerical simulation analysis of stress-seepage coupling under water migration

Monitoring site

Without considering water migration/kPa

Considering water migration/kPa

Initial

Completion of excavation

Difference

Initial

Completion of excavation

Difference

Arch crown

 − 394.7(− 701.3)

 − 343.1(− 387.3)

 − 51.7(− 314.0)

 − 344.6(− 612.2)

 − 337.6(− 387.1)

 − 7.0(− 224.1)

Arch shoulder

 − 400.6(− 712.0)

 − 440.2(− 370.5)

39.6(− 341.5)

 − 347.5(− 617.8)

 − 441.5(− 321.8)

94.0(− 296.0)

Arch waist

 − 442.2(− 786.6)

 − 283.1(− 619.3)

 − 159.1(− 167.3)

 − 368.1(− 655.8)

 − 271.5(− 586.9)

 − 97.4(− 68.9)

Arch foot

 − 464.5(− 825.4)

 − 217.1(− 482.0)

 − 247.4(− 343.4)

 − 380.3(− 675.7)

 − 187.7(− 405.1)

 − 192.6(− 270.6)

Arch bottom

 − 483.8(− 860.1)

 − 291.3(− 54.8)

 − 192.5(− 805.3)

 − 389.9(− 693.6)

 − 285.0(− 35.1)

 − 104.9(− 658.5)

  1. The values in parentheses represent vertical effective stress. Negative values in the difference column indicate decreases, while positive values indicate increases.
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