Table 2 Effects of the application of various dietary fat sources to broiler chicken diets on total tract nitrogen retention, digestibility of ether extract or the crude protein coefficient, apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AME_N) and selected pancreatic enzyme activities (35d).

	Treatment								⁹SEM	P value
	¹BSFL	²SO	³RO	⁴PO	⁵PKFD	⁶PF	⁷PL	⁸BT	⁹SEM	P value
14 days
Dry matter, %	75.29	77.98*	76.60	77.14	77.59	76.88	73.08	69.45***	0.48	< 0.001
Ether extract, %	95.82	95.56	93.01	93.68	96.82	93.59	95.03	92.47	0.30	0.053
N retention, %	67.39	70.67	68.68	69.84	69.83	70.30	66.44	60.56***	0.59	< 0.001
AME_N, kcal	3310	3315	3267	3294	3270	3301	3179**	2893***	22.8	< 0.001
28 days
Dry matter, %	78.29	79.78	79.26	78.89	83.43	81.02	75.04	75.71	0.51	0.086
Ether extract, %	89.83	81.41**	78.23	81.70	97.39	85.22	86.69	81.97	1.16	< 0.001
N retention, %	70.34	73.07	72.60	72.79	76.31	75.66	67.11	69.92	0.61	0.380
AME_N, kcal	3379	3306	3307	3328	3473	3418	320*	3078***	22.5	0.008
35 days
Dry matter, %	78.93	76.64	76.91	76.56	78.32	78.46	75.81	78.25	0.42	0.874
Ether extract, %	95.85	93.50	91.58	91.59	96.81	92.93	92.62	93.68	0.53	0.099
Crude protein, %	80.46	79.59	78.53	79.22	82.28	81.25	79.29	81.52	0.55	0.405
AIDE, kcal	3403	3203	3204	3230	3247	3326	3215	3184	20.7	0.156
The pancreatic enzymes activities
Trypsin, %	100	97.2	105	109	104	89.9	89.6	110	2.89	0.500
Lipase, %	100	91.7	90.5	89.5	91.5	90.0	91.0	97.4	3.08	0.989
Amylase, %	100	104	103	97.9	98.6	93.6	90.4	104	3.51	0.980

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001—the reference group (BSFL) is significantly different within a row when asterisks are present.
¹BSFL—basal diet with 100% black soldier fly (H. illucens) larval fat; ²SO—basal diet with 100% soybean oil; ³RO—basal diet with 100% rapeseed oil; ⁴PO—basal diet with 100% palm oil; ⁵PKFD—basal diet with 100% palm kernel fat distillate; ⁶PF—basal diet with 100% poultry fat; ⁷PL—basal diet with 100% pig lard; ⁸BT—basal diet with 100% beef tallow; ⁹SEM—standard error of the mean.
The means represent the 10 birds’ excreta/digesta pooled by 2 (n = 5) for total tract nitrogen retention, digestibility of EE and CP coefficient, AIDE, and AME_N, or 8 birds’ duodenal digesta (n = 8) for selected pancreatic enzyme activities. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal‒Wallis test, depending on the normal distribution of the data, provides the probability level (P value) presented in the last column.

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