Fig. 6

Sucrose (a), sucrose synthase (b), acid invertase (c), and reducing sugars (d) in leaves, anthers, and ovules across different acclimation stages and under cold stress. Stages: PAS (pre-acclimation stage), CAS1 (cold acclimation stage 1), CAS2 (cold acclimation stage 2), CAS3 (cold acclimation stage 3), and following CS (cold stress) in CT (cold-tolerant) and CS (cold-sensitive) chickpea genotypes. Vertical bars show standard errors (Mean ± S.E; n = 3). Three-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the interaction between genotypes × treatments × organs, followed by the LSD test. Symbols on bars represent significant differences among genotypes and stages (P < 0.05; Tukey test).