Table 6 Normality test results for measurement items.

From: Modeling teacher education students’ adoption of large language models through an extended technology acceptance framework

Variable

Mean

Standard deviation

Skewness

Kurtosis

SE1

3.726

1.102

 − 0.715

 − 0.155

SE2

3.649

1.084

 − 0.639

 − 0.140

SE3

3.833

1.072

 − 0.828

0.108

SE4

3.784

1.094

 − 0.976

0.494

EX1

3.908

0.987

 − 0.679

 − 0.186

EX2

3.993

0.951

 − 0.711

 − 0.060

EX3

4.112

0.834

 − 0.760

0.270

EX4

3.902

0.936

 − 0.670

0.068

SN1

3.480

0.860

 − 0.221

 − 0.101

SN2

3.513

0.906

 − 0.354

0.023

SN3

3.411

0.893

 − 0.275

 − 0.122

SN4

3.533

0.903

 − 0.261

 − 0.078

GA1

3.793

1.007

 − 0.584

 − 0.145

GA2

3.774

1.025

 − 0.703

0.123

GA3

3.922

0.984

 − 0.795

0.348

GA4

3.841

1.019

 − 0.896

0.496

PTR1

2.861

0.979

 − 0.067

 − 0.665

PTR2

2.835

1.015

 − 0.072

 − 0.498

PTR3

2.964

1.015

 − 0.157

 − 0.443

PTR4

2.848

1.041

0.066

 − 0.450

PPR1

3.219

1.235

 − 0.127

 − 0.967

PPR2

3.069

1.195

 − 0.037

 − 0.927

PPR3

3.277

1.278

 − 0.174

 − 1.054

PPR4

3.132

1.188

 − 0.140

 − 0.865

PU1

3.850

1.039

 − 0.856

0.320

PU2

3.721

1.046

 − 0.693

0.046

PU3

3.775

1.076

 − 0.675

 − 0.132

PU4

3.703

1.077

 − 0.656

 − 0.150

PEOU1

3.799

0.838

 − 0.146

 − 0.691

PEOU2

3.716

0.846

 − 0.162

 − 0.599

PEOU3

3.726

0.785

 − 0.086

 − 0.485

PEOU4

3.634

0.824

 − 0.112

 − 0.519

ATU1

3.743

1.112

 − 0.766

 − 0.117

ATU2

3.759

1.113

 − 0.852

0.119

ATU3

3.795

1.036

 − 0.849

0.349

ATU4

3.692

1.116

 − 0.851

0.112

BI1

3.605

1.081

 − 0.653

 − 0.085

BI2

3.721

1.152

 − 0.849

 − 0.033

BI3

3.763

1.064

 − 0.767

0.053

BI4

3.524

1.166

 − 0.546

 − 0.520

  1. SE, Self-Efficacy; EX, Experience; SN, Subjective Norms; GA, Goal Achievement; PTR, Perceived Time Risk; PPR, Perceived Privacy Risk; PU, Perceived Usefulness; PEOU, Perceived Ease of Use; ATU, Attitude Toward Using; BI, Behaviour Intention to Use.