Fig. 2
Total vertical changes in the sediment surfaces at the oyster reefs (a and d) and the blue mussel bed (g) between 2020 and 2022, divided into erosion (red-hued shades) and accumulation (blue-hued shades). The change detection results with a confidence level of 68% are presented in light blue and orange, and the changes with a confidence level of 95% are shown in dark blue and red. All topographical changes that do not consider uncertainties, and hence no confidence level, are presented with either a pale red or blue colour. The confidence levels correspond to a different minimum vertical change detection for each digital elevation model of difference (DoD). This study focuses on the results with a confidence level of 95%. Current and wave roses for each study site illustrate the direction, velocity magnitude, and frequency of currents (b, e and h) and the direction, significant wave height, and frequency of waves (c, f and i) during the period between 2005 and 201558. DoDs created with QGIS (version 3.16.16-Hannover, https://qgis.org). Projection: ETRS89/UTM zone 32 N. Illustrations of rose diagrams generated with MATLAB 2023a (http://mathworks.com).
