Fig. 9

Effect of the safe dose (EC100) and 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the tested compounds on human skin fibroblast cells (HSF). (a) Morphological changes captured using a phase-contrast microscope. (b) IC50 values (the concentration at which 50% inhibition occurs) (µg/mL) of the tested compounds (c) EC100 values (the concentration at which 100% effect is observed) (µg/mL) of the tested compounds. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Different superscript letters indicate significant differences across rows (p < 0.05), using GraphPad Prism 8.