Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants and households.
Control (n = 102) | Intervention (n = 109) | |
|---|---|---|
Characteristics of women participants | ||
Maternal age at baseline, mean (SD) | 27.3 (4.3) | 27.4 (4.2) |
Gestational age at baseline, mean (SD) | 15.4 (2.9) | 15.5 (2.9) |
Maternal education, n (%) | ||
No formal education | 5 (4.9) | 9 (8.3) |
Primary | 68 (66.7) | 52 (47.7) |
Secondary or college | 29 (28.4) | 48 (44.0) |
Number of children under 12 years, mean (SD) | 1.52 (0.8) | 1.55 (1.0) |
Cooking practices at baseline | ||
Primary fuel used, n (%) | ||
Wood | 86 (84.3) | 71 (65.1) |
Charcoal | 15 (14.7) | 37 (33.9) |
Other | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.9) |
Location of primary cooking stove, n (%) | ||
Outdoors or separate cooking structure | 97 (95.1) | 99 (90.8) |
Indoors in main house | 5 (4.9) | 10 (9.2) |
Type of primary stove, n (%) | ||
Open/3-stone fire | 29 (46.8) | 22 (31.9) |
Portable charcoal-buring stove (Imbabura) | 9 (14.5) | 21 (30.4) |
Simple wood stove (Rondereza) | 19 (30.6) | 18 (26.1) |
Portable wood stove | 5 (8.1) | 6 (8.7) |
Other | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.9) |
Characteristics of households | ||
Wall materials, n (%) | ||
Mud | 53 (52.0) | 56 (51.4) |
Concrete | 15 (14.7) | 35 (32.1) |
Floor materials, n (%) | ||
Mud | 79 (77.5) | 62 (56.9) |
Concrete | 26 (25.5) | 47 (43.1) |
Roof materials, n (%) | ||
Corrugated metal | 102 (100.0) | 109 (100.0) |
Environmental characteristics | ||
Elevation (m), mean (SD) | 1549.6 (100.1) | 1584.6 (97.1) |
Rice fields within 1 km, n (%) | 2 (2.0) | 7 (6.4) |
Population density / km2, mean (SD) | 583.6 (385.4) | 815.4 (593.7) |
Follow-up periods: | ||
Mothers, mean (SD) | 4.6 (0.6) | 4.6 (0.6) |
Children, mean (SD) | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.7) |
