Fig. 5
From: Temperature and CO2 concentration in honey bee hives exhibit circadian rhythms
Rose diagram of the phase distribution resulting from a cosinor analysis of within-hive detrended CO2 data from the Winter 2023 and 2024 experiments. Shown are the phase distribution binned by hour for 16 hives across two 3-d subsets (= 32 data points) for each graph. Gray shading shows dark periods (from dusk to dawn for hives outside). (A) Days 7–12 in CSU under total darkness; (B) Days 25–30 under a 12 l:12D light regime, with light starting at 6:00 PM and ending at 5:59 AM; (C) Days 40–45 under the same 12 l:12D regime; and (D) Days 7–12 post-CSU under ambient light and temperature conditions.
