Fig. 4

Effect of freshly prepared L. reuteri DSM 17938 pMVs and bMVs and doxorubicin (black bar, 10 µg/mL) on human cancer cell viability after 24 h (A, C, E, G) and 72 h (B, D, F, H) exposure. In the negative control (Ctrl), the cells were treated with a 1X PBS solution. Bars represent the mean ± standard error of at least six measurements from two independent experiments. A, B. Bx-PC3 pancreas adenocarcinoma cancer cells. C, D. Mz-ChA-1 cholangiocarcinoma cells. E, F. HepG2 hepatoma cells. G, H. MDA-MB-468 triple negative cancer cells. *** p < 0.001 vs. Ctrl (ANOVA + Dunnett’s Multiple comparison post-test).