Table 3 Clinical characteristics and serum vitamin levels of patients at different AD stages.
From: Lower water-soluble vitamins and higher homocysteine are associated with neurodegenerative diseases
Variable | MCI (n = 18) | Mild AD (n = 17) | Moderate AD (n = 94) | Severe AD (n = 90) | χ2 value | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.50 (54.00, 72.50) | 63.65 ± 11.34 | 58.00 (54.00, 68.00) | 59.00 (56.00, 67.00) | 1.81 | 0.612 |
Sex (n) | Male: 11 | Male: 10 | Male:41 | Male:35 | 13.13 | 0.011 |
Female: 7 | Female: 7 | Female:53 | Female:55 | |||
MMSE | 24.00 (24.00, 26.25) | 22.00 ± 1.29 | 15.00 ± 2.83 | 5.00 (3.00, 6.00) | 184.82 | < 0.001 |
MOCA | 19.00 (15.75, 23.00) | 17.00 (15.00, 18.00) | 9.00 (6.0, 12.00) | 3.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 142.18 | < 0.001 |
CDR | 1.00 (1.00, 1.50) | 1.00 (0.5, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 7.00) | 34.83 | < 0.001 |
BNT | 21.44 ± 4.76 | 20.00 ± 5.21 | 15.47 ± 4.76 | 10.00 (7.25, 12.00) | 55.87 | < 0.001 |
Duration (m) | 9.08 ± 26.85 | 10.17 ± 14.70 | 24.00 (12.00, 36.00) | 36.00 (24.00, 48.00) | 20.29 | < 0.001 |
Education (y) | 8.00 (5.50, 14.50) | 11.50 (5.75, 12.75) | 7.50 (6.0, 12.00) | 9.00 (5.75, 9.00) | 0.94 | 0.816 |
VB1 (ng/mL) | 2.30 (1.98, 3.78) | 1.80 (1.45, 2.80) | 1.60 (1.30, 2.33) | 1.70 (1.30, 2.20) | 11.61 | 0.009 |
VB2 (ng/mL) | 8.33 ± 4.54 | 7.21 ± 3.68 | 6.85 (4.65, 11.48) | 5.90 (4.20, 8.98) | 2.13 | 0.546 |
VB3 (ng/mL) | 38.85 (32.98, 51.73) | 40.40 (25.80, 51.25) | 36.35 (27.40, 44.73) | 36.10 (28.58, 46.60) | 1.22 | 0.747 |
VB5 (ng/mL) | 38.60 (32.30, 62.15) | 36.20 (28.05, 44.80) | 33.75 (28.95, 41.73) | 30.80 (24.75, 39.00) | 10.97 | 0.012 |
VB6 (ng/mL) | 2.91 (1.97, 4.22) | 1.60 (1.23, 2.48) | 1.85 (1.41, 2.62) | 1.69 (1.26, 2.77) | 8.71 | 0.033 |
5mTHF (ng/mL) | 8.95 ± 4.54 | 7.10 (4.10, 13.20) | 6.00 (3.70, 8.43) | 4.55 (2.60, 8.05) | 12.15 | 0.007 |
VC (ng/mL) | 8.69 ± 2.44 | 8.089 ± 5.19 | 7.60 (4.85, 9.95) | 6.00 (3.28, 9.20) | 10.66 | 0.014 |
VB12 (ng/mL) | 0.54 (0.43, 0.68) | 0.47 (0.35, 0.62) | 0.45 (0.34, 0.64) | 0.41 (0.31, 0.54) | 7.68 | 0.053 |
Total folate (ng/mL) | 9.64 ± 3.43 | 8.13 ± 4.17 | 7.65 (5.40, 11.00) | 6.45 (4.53, 8.30) | 17.02 | 0.001 |
Hcy (µmol/L) | 10.11 ± 2.17 | 12.09 ± 2.44 | 11.28 (9.07, 13.49) | 12.00 (9.92, 15.70) | 3.72 | 0.012 |
