Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of upstaging during radical cystectomy.

From: Impact of pelvic lymph node dissection on survival outcomes in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a multicenter retrospective study

Univariate analysis

OR

95% CI

p value

Age (continuously coded)

0.99

0.98–1.01

0.514

Gender

Female versus male

1.54

0.99–2.41

0.056

Clinical T-stage

cT1 versus cTa/cTis

3.51

1.34–9.21

0.011*

Tumor grade

High versus low

1.48

0.82–2.68

0.19

Concomitant CIS

Present versus absent

0.69

0.43–1.12

0.135

Lymphovascular invasion

Present versus absent

1.98

1.23–3.18

0.005**

Histological subtypes

Present versus absent

2.14

1.41–3.23

< 0.001***

PLND

   

Present versus absent

1.72

1.12–2.66

0.014*

Multivariate analysis

OR

95% CI

p value

Gender

Male

Reference

  

Female

1.47

0.93–2.33

0.099

Clinical T-stage

cTa/cTis

Reference

  

cT1

2.74

1.03–7.26

0.026*

Lymphovascular invasion

Absent

Reference

  

Present

1.43

0.87–2.37

0.164

Histological subtypes

Absent

Reference

  

Present

1.90

1.23–2.93

0.004**

PLND

Absent

Reference

  

Present

1.67

1.07–2.61

0.021*

  1. OR = Odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.
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