Table 2 Bivariate analysis between independent variables and dental visits, MEPS 2012–2016.
From: Medicaid expansion, dental visits and expenditures in veterans, older adults, and the foreign-born
Total | No dental visits | Dental visits | Chi-square | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study sample | n = 94,853 | n = 62,483 | n = 32,370 | ||
Study population (weighted) | n = 184,655,794 | ||||
Was Medicaid expansion adopted? | 28.9 | < 0.001 | |||
Not adopted | 31% (29,352) | 63% (21,138) | 37% (8,213) | ||
Adopted | 69% (65,501) | 56% (41,345) | 44% (24,157) | ||
Sex | 282.65 | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 46% (43,953) | 62% (30,379) | 38% (13,574) | ||
Female | 54% (50,900) | 55% (32,104) | 45% (18,796) | ||
Age (categories based on 65) | 85.04 | < 0.001 | |||
Age 18–64 | 83% (78,825) | 60% (53,070) | 40% (25,755) | ||
≥ 65 years | 17% (16,028) | 52% (9,413) | 48% (6,615) | ||
Race and ethnicity | 143.85 | < 0.001 | |||
Hispanic | 29% (27,749) | 73% (21,305) | 27% (6,444) | ||
White (non-Hispanic) | 43% (40,560) | 52% (22,162) | 48% (18,398) | ||
Black (non-Hispanic) | 20% (19,194) | 72% (14,389) | 28% (4,805) | ||
Asian (non-Hispanic) | 8% (7,350) | 61% (4,627) | 39% (2,723) | ||
Educational level | 407.97 | < 0.001 | |||
Less than high school | 23% (21,349) | 75% (16,979) | 25% (4,370) | ||
High school | 36% (34,523) | 66% (24,669) | 34% (9,854) | ||
More than high school | 41% (38,981) | 47% (20,835) | 53% (18,146) | ||
Family income as % of poverty line | 307.1 | < 0.001 | |||
Poor (< 100%) | 19% (17,590) | 76% (13,983) | 24% (3,607) | ||
Near poor (100–199%) | 22% (21,092) | 73% (16,221) | 27% (4,871) | ||
Nonpoor (> 200%) | 59% (56,171) | 52% (32,279) | 48% (23,892) | ||
Region of residency | 33.2 | < 0.001 | |||
Northeast | 16% (15,341) | 55% (9,594) | 45% (5,747) | ||
Midwest | 19% (17,732) | 53% (10,411) | 47% (7,321) | ||
South | 38% (36,006) | 64% (26,008) | 36% (9,998) | ||
West | 27% (25,774) | 56% (16,470) | 44% (9,304) | ||
Marital status | 147.06 | < 0.001 | |||
Married | 48% (45,433) | 53% (27,601) | 47% (17,832) | ||
Unmarried (separated, widowed, divorced) | 20% (19,370) | 62% (13,187) | 38% (6,183) | ||
Never married | 32% (30,050) | 65% (21,695) | 35% (8,355) | ||
Veteran status | 12.03 | 0.001 | |||
Nonveteran | 6% (5,881) | 58% (58,975) | 42% (29,997) | ||
Veteran | 94% (88,972) | 55% (3,508) | 45% (2,373) | ||
Nativity status | 144.37 | < 0.001 | |||
U.S.-born | 72% (68,520) | 56% (42,997) | 44% (25,523) | ||
Foreign-born | 28% (26,333) | 68% (19,486) | 32% (6,847) | ||
Dentate status | 459.11 | < 0.001 | |||
Nondentate | 7% (6,458) | 82% (5,380) | 18% (1,078) | ||
Dentate | 93% (88,395) | 56% (57,103) | 44% (31,292) | ||
Dental insurance status | 43.21 | < 0.001 | |||
Has dental insurance | 37% (34,842) | 48% (18,547) | 52% (16,295) | ||
No dental insurance | 63% (60,011) | 66% (43,936) | 34% (16,075) |
