Table 2 Clinical variables at the study baseline and endpoint in Tai Chi group and aerobic exercise group.

From: Tai Chi’s synergistic modulation on autonomic nervous activity and central autonomic networks in functional constipation patients: a randomized controlled trial

Category

Outcome measures

TC n=37

AE n=36

Between group p

TC scans

n=17

AE scans

n=17

Between group p

Symptom evaluation

PAC-SYM M (P25, P75)

Pre

18 (13, 22)

16.5 (13.75, 20)

0.02*

20 (17, 22)

17 (14, 20)

0.86

Post

11 (7, 13)

9 (7.75, 13)

12 (8, 13)

9 (8, 12)

Post-pre

-8 (-13, -4)

-4 (-8.25, -1.75)

-6 (-9, -5)

-7 (-11, -3)

Intra-group p

0.00***

0.00***

0.002**

0.00***

PAC-QOL M (P25, P75)

Pre

38 (33, 47)

39 (35, 46.25)

0.65

38 (33, 52)

37 (35, 44)

0.81

Post

32 (29, 40)

32 (29, 40.25)

32 (29, 40)

32 (30, 40)

Post-pre

-6 (-10, -2)

-4 (-10, -2)

-6 (-10, -4)

-5 (-10, -4)

Intra-group p

0.00***

0.00***

0.001**

0.001**

Emotional evaluation

SAS Mean (SD)

Pre

40.67 (6.85)

42.46 (7.31)

0.85

37.94 (6.65)

39.77 (6.90)

0.62

Post

35.64 (9.26)

37.70 (8.65)

34.19 (7.89)

35.22 (7.18)

Post-pre

-5.03 (7.20)

-4.75 (6.01)

-3.75 (5.72)

-4.55 (3.72)

Intra-group p

0.00***

0.00***

0.01*

0.00***

SDS Mean (SD)

Pre

41.79 (7.04)

41.00 (6.51)

0.20

42.42 (5.31)

40.88 (6.15)

0.64

Post

35.77 (8.37)

36.84 (6.77)

35.29 (8.19)

34.85 (6.13)

Post-pre

-6.01 (7.89)

-4.16 (3.63)

-7.13 (8.4)

-6.02 (4.68)

Intra-group p

0.00***

0.00***

0.006**

0.001**

  1. Except for SAS and SDS, which met the criteria for normal distribution and homogeneity of variances and were expressed as mean ± SD, the remaining data did not conform to these criteria and were presented as median and interquartile ranges. Post-pre represents the change value between pre-intervention and post-intervention measurements.
  2. Abbreviations: AE, aerobic exercise; cSMB, complete spontaneous bowel movements; FCon, functional constipation; HS, healthy subjects; PAC-SYM, patient assessment of constipation symptom questionnaire; PAC-QoL, patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire; SAS, self-rating anxiety scale; SDS, self-rating depression scale; TC, Tai Chi group.
  3. *** p < 0.001. ** p < 0.01. *p < 0.05.