Table 3 Classification of shockwave - induced underground equipment damage.

From: Experimental study of energy attenuation of protruding shock waves in mines under elastic device buffering

Structural type

Failure characteristics

Overpressure (P/kPa)

Wooden beam with a diameter of approximately 15 cm

Deformation

100 < P < 130

Brick wall with a thickness of 24–36 cm

Failure

140 < P < 210

Air duct

Severe deformation, breakage

150 < P < 350

Electric wire

Breakage

350 < P < 420

Winch and fan with a tonnage of 1 t

Displacement, overturning

400 < P < 600

Concrete wall with a thickness of 24–36 cm

Generation of cracks, deformation

490 < P < 560