Table 3 Determinants for naturally induced menopause and hysterectomy among women aged 30–39 in India, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh & Telangana, NFHS-5 (2019–21).

From: Female sterilization paradoxical association with premature menopause in Bihar

 

Naturally Induced Menopause

Hysterectomy

India

Bihar

Andhra Pradesh 

+ Telangana

India

Bihar

Andhra Pradesh

 + Telangana

VARIABLES

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Education Level

      

 No Education

      

 Primary

0.718***

0.791

0.882

0.837***

0.889

0.719***

 Secondary

0.664***

0.505***

0.573***

0.740***

0.728**

0.622***

 Higher

0.407***

0.491

0.426*

0.441***

0.208***

0.350***

Wealth Index

      

 Poor

      

 Middle

1.116*

0.747

0.933

1.183***

1.054

1.219**

 Rich

0.953

0.809

0.887

1.203***

1.007

1.432***

Caste

      

 Scheduled Caste

      

 Scheduled Tribe

0.956

0.710

1.681**

0.906

0.839

1.460*

 Other Backward Classes

1.039

0.744

1.128

1.165***

1.029

1.225*

 General

1.035

0.850

1.022

1.136**

0.947

1.152

 Don’t Know

0.839

1.354

0.633

1.174

1.118

1.634

Religion

      

 Hindu

      

 Muslim

0.842**

0.849

0.642

0.842**

0.764

0.593***

 Others

0.876

 ##

1.488

0.853

1.621

0.853

Area of Living

      

 Urban

      

 Rural

1.072

1.162

1.158

1.387***

1.219

1.933***

Age Group

      

 30–34

      

 35–39

2.703***

2.336***

1.740***

2.139***

1.491***

2.297***

Children

      

 0

      

 1–2

0.445***

0.270**

0.193***

1.522***

11.61**

0.546*

 4–5

0.494***

0.434*

0.219***

1.936***

16.98***

0.636

 5+

0.563***

0.512

0.102***

1.978***

18.11***

0.570

Age of women at First Birth

      

 < 18

      

 18–21

0.721***

0.680**

0.509***

0.873***

0.860

0.702***

 22–24

0.586***

0.646

0.517**

0.765***

0.746*

0.718**

 25+

0.476***

0.380***

0.340**

0.477***

0.403***

0.581**

Age of women at Last Birth

      

 < 21 years

      

 22–24

0.755***

0.570**

1.071

0.779***

0.900

0.735***

 25–28

0.641***

0.429**

0.840

0.574***

0.690**

0.435***

 29+

0.422***

0.240***

0.493

0.298***

0.376***

0.217***

Contraceptive Usage

      

 No

      

 Yes

0.0958***

0.0585***

0.358**

0.0122***

0.0164***

0.0858***

Body Mass Index

      

 <= 18.5 kg/m2

      

 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

0.810***

1.035

0.885

1.065

0.995

1.129

 > 25 kg/m2

0.867**

1.060

0.916

1.172***

1.230**

0.954

Anemia

      

 No

      

 Yes

0.809***

0.922

0.540***

0.641***

0.830**

0.441***

Female sterilization

      

 No

      

 Yes

3.195***

5.497***

1.595

25.19***

13.68***

7.069***

Health insurance

      

 No

      

 Yes

1.081

1.188

0.871

1.197***

1.340***

1.314***

Constant

0.0696***

0.839

0.174***

0.228***

0.0803**

0.227***

Observations

157,612

9,009

9,445

167,006

9,799

10,905

  1. Col (1)–(3) shows the determinants of naturally induced menopause among women aged 30–39 in India, Bihar, and AP & Telangana, respectively. Col (4)–(6) shows the determinants for hysterectomy among women aged 30–39 in India, Bihar & Telangana, respectively.
  2. ***p.01, **p.05, and *p.1
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