Fig. 6

Characteristic vectors for subsidence attribution analysis, 2017–2021 (a) Mean annual maximum synthetic NDVI; (b) Mean annual rate of change in groundwater storage, mm/yr; (c) Mean annual rainfall, mm/yr; and (d) Mean annual population density (people/km²). (ArcGIS Pro, Version 3.1; https://www.esri.com/zh-cn/arcgis/products/arcgis-pro/overview).