Table 2 Cardiovascular responses at rest, during exercise, and postexercise (two-way ANOVA with post hoc comparison test; n = 14; excluding the isometric period).

From: Orthostatic-dependent cardiopulmonary responses among trained females during intensity matched resistance exercises in a pilot randomized crossover study

Cardiac and vascular outcomes

SM

LP

p value/post hoc-test

Effect size

group effect

Main effects (group, time, interaction)

50% 3-RM

50% 3-RM

η2p

Group

Time

Interaction

F value; p value

F value; p value

F value; p value

SBP (mmHg)

   

< 0.01

   

Baseline

126 ± 11

132 ± 11

0.28

   

Exercise

157 ± 15

141 ± 10

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

137 ± 17

143 ± 9

0.14

F = 0.09;

F = 25.9, 

F = 11.8;

5 min postexercise

134 ± 13.3

134 ± 7

> 0.99

p =.77

p <.01

p <.01

DBP (mmHg)

   

0.25

   

Baseline

90 ± 9

90 ± 9

> 0.99

   

Exercise

111 ± 11

96 ± 8

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

91 ± 11

96 ± 11

0.16

F = 4.4;

F = 16.7;

F = 15.1;

5 min postexercise

93 ± 8

89 ± 7

0.54

p =.06

p.<01

p <.01

MAP (mmHg)

   

0.15

   

Baseline

105 ± 9

108 ± 9

> 0.99

   

Exercise

129 ± 15

111 ± 12

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

108 ± 12

115 ± 8

0.09

F = 2.3;

F = 16.0;

F = 17.1;

5 min postexercise

109 ± 9

108 ± 10

> 0.99

p =.15

p.<01

p <.01

HR (bpm)

   

0.64

   

Baseline

91.5 ± 7.0

76.2 ± 9.4

< 0.01

   

Exercise

123 ± 11.1

97.1 ± 7.1

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

121 ± 12.4

91.7 ± 6.5

< 0.01

F = 162;

F = 139;

F = 13.3;

5 min postexercise

100 ± 10.2

78.7 ± 5.6

< 0.01

p <.01

p <.01

p <.01

SV (ml)

   

0.18

   

Rest

83.4 ± 11.3

97.6 ± 8.8

< 0.01

   

Exercise

102.3 ± 14.6

107 ± 7.3

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

108.4 ± 15.5

109 ± 7.5

> 0.99

F = 2.8;

F = 41.1;

F = 18.6;

5 min postexercise

94.9 ± 14.0

105 ± 6.6

< 0.01

p =.12

p <.01

p <.01

CO (l⋅min −1)

   

0.56

   

Baseline

7.5 ± 0.6

7.3 ± 1.0

> 0.99

   

Exercise

12.3 ± 1.9

10.3 ± 1.0

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

13.0 ± 1.8

10.0 ± 1.0

< 0.01

F = 16.2;

F = 125;

F = 29.4;

5 min postexercise

9.4 ± 1.0

8.2 ± 0.8

< 0.01

p <.01

p <.01

p <.01

EDV (ml)

   

0.19

   

Baseline

118 ± 20.3

138 ± 15.3

< 0.01

   

Exercise

134 ± 21.8

142 ± 14.9

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

139 ± 22.9

146 ± 15.2

< 0.01

F = 3.1;

F = 41.3;

F = 19.2;

5 min postexercise

129 ± 23.8

143 ± 13.4

< 0.01

p =.10

p <.01

p <.01

CW (J)

   

0.05

   

Baseline

1.2 ± 0.2

1.4 ± 0.1

< 0.01

   

Exercise

1.8 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.1

< 0.01

   

1 min postexercise

1.6 ± 0.4

1.7 ± 0.2

0.32

F = 0.7;

F = 47.5;

F = 12.8;

5 min postexercise

1.4 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.1

0.1

p =.41

p <.01

p <.01

TPR (mmHg⋅ l⋅min −1)

   

0.43

   

Baseline

14.0 ± 1.8

15.0 ± 2.7

0.01

   

Exercise

10.7 ± 1.7

10.9 ± 1.5

> 0.99

   

1 min postexercise

8.5 ± 1.5

11.6 ± 1.6

< 0.01

F = 9.7;

F = 58.6,

F = 17.0;

5 min postexercise

11.8 ± 1.5

13.3 ± 1.8

< 0.01

p <.01

p <.01

p <.01

EF (%)

   

0.03

   

Baseline

71 ± 8

71 ± 6

> 0.99

   

Exercise

77 ± 8

76 ± 7

0.93

   

1 min postexercise

78 ± 8

75 ± 7

< 0.01

F = 0.4;

F = 49.3; 

F = 6.3;

5 min postexercise

74 ± 8

74 ± 7

> 0.99

p =.54

p <.01

p <.01

  1. Values are presented as the mean and standard deviation; F = effect size according to Cohen’s two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, η2p = partial eta square, SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HR = heart rate; SV = stroke volume; CO = cardiac output; CW = cardiac work; EDV = end-diastolic volume, EF % = ejection fraction; TPR = total periphery resistance. The differences between the Smith machine (SM) and leg press (LP) methods are highlighted in bold (p <.05).
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