Table 4 Mean change in cardiac and vascular outcomes compared with the previous measurement timepoint (∆ values = current periods minus previous period; n = 14).

From: Orthostatic-dependent cardiopulmonary responses among trained females during intensity matched resistance exercises in a pilot randomized crossover study

∆cardiac and vascular outcomes

SM

50% 3-RM

LP

50% 3-RM

p value/post hoc-test

Effect size

Main effects (group, time, interaction)

η2p

Group

Time

Interaction

F value; p value

F value; p value

F value; p value

HR (bpm)

   

0.64

   

∆ Exercise

31.5 ± 11.6

20.9 ± 6.9

< 0.01

   

∆1 min postexercise

−2.4 ± 8.8

−5.4 ± 3.5

0.97

F = 23.0;

F = 144.7;

F = 9.3;

∆5 min postexercise

−20.4 ± 4.6

−13.0 ± 4.5

0.06

p <.01

p <.01

p =.01

SV (ml)

   

0.29

   

∆ Exercise

18.9 ± 7.6

9.2 ± 6.2

< 0.01

   

∆1 min postexercise

6.1 ± 7.8

2.0 ± 5.2

0.31

F = 5.2;

F = 70.5;

F = 17.6;

∆5 min postexercise

−13.5 ± 3.9

−3.9 ± 3.5

< 0.01

p =.04

p <.01

p <.01

EDV (ml)

   

0.37

   

∆ Exercise

16.2 ± 7.3

4.1 ± 6.2

< 0.01

   

∆1 min postexercise

5.1 ± 7.3

3.6 ± 5.7

> 0.99

F = 7.6;

F = 38.3;

F = 9.0;

∆5 min postexercise

−10.5 ± 4.0

−2.4 ± 4.3

< 0.01

p =.02

p <.01

p <.01

CW (J)

   

0.09

   

∆ Exercise

0.6 ± 0.3

0.2 ± 0.2

< 0.01

   

∆1 min postexercise

−0.2 ± 0.15

0.08 ± 0.16

< 0.01

F = 3.6;

F = 58.8;

F = 21.1;

∆5 min postexercise

−0.2 ± 0.10

−0.2 ± 0.13

> 0.99

p =.08

p <.01

p <.1

MAP (mmHg)

   

0.12

   

∆ Exercise

24.2 ± 14.5

3.3 ± 9.5

< 0.01

   

∆1 min postexercise

−20.9 ± 9.9

3.3 ± 11.0

< 0.01

F = 1.8;

F = 21.5;

F = 36.3;

∆5 min postexercise

0.8 ± 6.6

−7.0 ± 7.6

0.16

p =.21

p <.01

p <.01

TPR

(mmHg lmin−1)

   

0.09

   

∆ Exercise

−3.3 ± 2.1

−4.1 ± 1.8

0.16

   

∆1 min postexercise

−2.3 ± 1.7

0.7 ± 1.3

< 0.01

F = 1.2;

F = 55.3;

F = 37.4;

∆5 min postexercise

3.3 ± 0.8

1.7 ± 0.8

< 0.01

p =.29

p <.01

p <.01

  1. Values are presented as the mean and standard deviation; F = Effect size according to Cohen’s two-way repeated-measures ANOVA; η2p = partial eta square; ∆= average changes in the mean values of the outcomes between the periods; printed boldly (p <.05) different from the Smith machine (SM) vs. the leg press (LP).