Fig. 5

Interaction plots showing the mean number of seeds per plant, estimated on a log scale, for the autumn and spring parental populations of A. myosuroides (a) and L. multiflorum (b) under different vernalisation treatments. The treatments include NV (no vernalisation), GV (germination vernalisation), SV (seedling vernalisation), and GSV (germination and seedling vernalisation). Dots indicate population-level means for the estimated number of seeds per plant, while error bars represent 95% confidence intervals of the means.