Fig. 2

(A) Schematic depiction of a monopolar stimulation (adapted from Sijgers et al.20). (B) Proposed monopolar EEC for the monopolar stimulation with a SE against a counter electrode of a cochlear implant. The equivalent circuit consists of the connecting wires inside the silicone carrier (green, wire inductance \(L_{{{\text{w}}}}\) and resistance \(R_{{{\text{w}}}}\)), the electrode–electrolyte interface (red, non-linear, frequency-dependent polarization capacitance \(C_{{{\text{p}}}}\) and non-linear, frequency-dependent resistance \(R_{{{\text{p}}}}\), faradaic resistance \(R_{{{\text{f}}}}\) (as in the bipolar model in Fig. 1)) and the surrounding tissue (purple, resistance \(R_{{{\text{t}}}}\)).