Table 1 Compares the present work with the reported literature.

From: Affordable ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of PCA3 for early prostate cancer diagnosis

S. no

Surface modifier

Linear range

LoD

References

1

Gold electrode

10−5 ng/mLto 1 μg/mL

10− 5 ng/mL

54

2

CuCo2O4 nanosheet

1 pM- 8 μM

350 fM

55

3

SPCEs

25 pM to 10 nM

4.4 pM

10

4

Gold nanoparticles

0.001 to 75.0 ng mL−1

3.0 pg mL−1

56

5

Gold electrode

0.1 µg/mL to 10 µg/mL

9 pM

33

6

Gold screen-printed electrode

10 nM to 0.1 pM

0.1 pM

57

7

Au-GQD/SPE

100 nM to 100 fM

1.3 fM

Present work