Table 3 Incidence ratios of occupational falls across different tobacco product use categories and other behavioral factors.

From: Occupational fall incidence associated with heated tobacco product use and lifestyle behaviors in Japan

Characteristics

Incidence ratio (95% confidence interval)a

Crude

Model 1b

Model 2c

Model 3c

Tobacco use status

vs. never

Former

1.28 (1.13–1.45)

1.29 (1.14–1.45)

1.12 (0.98–1.27)

 

Current

1.91 (1.72–2.11)

1.78 (1.59–1.99)

1.36 (1.20–1.54)

Tobacco product type

vs. never

Former

1.28 (1.13–1.45)

1.28 (1.13–1.44)

 

1.12 (0.98–1.27)

Cigarette only

1.15 (0.92–1.46)

1.14 (0.92–1.40)

1.02 (0.83–1.25)

HTP only

3.16 (2.75–3.63)

2.65 (2.27–3.09)

1.78 (1.53–2.07)

Dual

2.88 (2.37–3.50)

2.51 (2.08–3.05)

1.64 (1.40–1.93)

Habitual drinking

vs. none

< 2 drinks/day

1.10 (0.98–1.23)

1.14 (1.01–1.28)

1.06 (0.94–1.19)

1.06 (0.94–1.19)

≥ 2 drinks/day

1.32 (1.16–1.50)

1.23 (1.10–1.36)

0.98 (0.88–1.09)

0.97 (0.87–1.09)

IPAQ-SF level

vs. low

Moderate

0.74 (0.65–0.85)

0.83 (0.72–0.95)

0.90 (0.78–1.03)

0.90 (0.79–1.03)

High

1.57 (1.37–1.79)

1.52 (1.35–1.72)

1.59 (1.42–1.78)

1.59 (1.42–1.79)

Sleep duration

vs. 6–9 h

0–5 h

2.32 (2.09–2.58)

2.04 (1.82–2.28)

1.79 (1.60–2.01)

1.78 (1.59–1.99)

≥ 10 h

5.42 (4.17–7.04)

4.06 (3.03–5.44)

2.88 (2.16–3.85)

2.77 (2.05–3.75)

Unknown

1.11 (0.75–1.64)

1.12 (0.72–1.76)

1.17 (0.76–1.78)

1.14 (0.75–1.75)

Hypertension

2.20 (1.97–2.44)

2.45 (2.19–2.73)

1.64 (1.45–1.84)

1.60 (1.42–1.80)

Dyslipidemia

2.10 (1.89–2.33)

2.24 (1.97–2.54)

1.35 (1.18–1.55)

1.32 (1.16–1.50)

Diabetes

3.34 (2.90–3.86)

3.20 (2.74–3.73)

1.77 (1.55–2.03)

1.72 (1.50–1.96)

Hypnotic/anxiolytic use

1.91 (1.67–2.19)

1.60 (1.40–1.82)

1.32 (1.17–1.49)

1.33 (1.18–1.50)

BMI category

vs. 18.5–24.9

< 18.5 kg/m2

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

1.02 (0.87–1.19)

1.03 (0.89–1.19)

1.04 (0.90–1.20)

≥ 25 kg/m2

1.20 (1.06–1.36)

1.16 (1.02–1.33)

0.94 (0.82–1.09)

0.96 (0.83–1.11)

Women

0.65 (0.56–0.74)

 

0.85 (0.74–0.98)

0.85 (0.74–0.98)

Age

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

0.98 (0.98–0.99)

College or greater

0.90 (0.78–1.02)

0.95 (0.83–1.07)

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

Income

vs. ≤1.5 million yen

> 1.5 million yen

0.66 (0.54–0.81)

0.77 (0.61–0.97)

0.77 (0.61–0.96)

Unknown

0.51 (0.40–0.64)

0.69 (0.54–0.88)

0.69 (0.54–0.87)

Industry sector

vs. blue-collar

Service

0.81 (0.73–0.91)

1.08 (0.95–1.23)

1.08 (0.95–1.22)

White collar

0.84 (0.74–0.95)

1.07 (0.98–1.17)

1.06 (0.97–1.16)

Occupational class

vs. blue-collar

Service

0.53 (0.46–0.61)

0.60 (0.53–0.68)

0.60 (0.53–0.68)

White collar

0.53 (0.42–0.66)

0.61 (0.50–0.75)

0.62 (0.51–0.75)

Others

0.49 (0.40–0.59)

0.59 (0.48–0.73)

0.60 (0.49–0.74)

Workplace size

vs. ≤49 workers

50–999 workers

0.97 (0.82–1.15)

1.12 (0.95–1.32)

1.13 (0.96–1.33)

≥ 1,000 workers

1.20 (1.00–1.43)

1.17 (1.00–1.36)

1.17 (1.01–1.36)

Unknown

0.98 (0.78–1.24)

1.21 (1.00–1.46)

1.22 (1.01–1.48)

WFun

vs. 7–13 points

14–20 points

2.08 (1.78–2.42)

1.77 (1.53–2.04)

1.76 (1.52–2.04)

21–27 points

4.01 (3.50–4.61)

2.86 (2.52–3.24)

2.83 (2.49–3.21)

28–35 points

3.18 (2.75–3.68)

2.40 (2.05–2.80)

2.41 (2.06–2.82)

  1. Abbreviations: HTP, heated tobacco product; IPAQ-SF, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form; WFun, Work Functioning Impairment Scale.
  2. aIncidence rates and 95% CIs were estimated with two-level multilevel Poisson regression with robust variance, using a random intercept for the residential area (47 prefectures, Level 2 variable). Values in boldface denote p < 0.05.
  3. bAll confounding variables of sex, age, educational attainment, occupation, equivalent annual household income, industry sector, occupational class, workplace size, and WFun were adjusted.
  4. cAdditional adjustment for all lifestyle and behavioral factors.
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