Table 11 Comparison of sample size, classification type, dataset, accuracy, feature extractor, data type, and learning paradigm in similar works.

From: Multimodal fusion based few-shot network intrusion detection system

Model/method

K

Type

Dataset

ACC

Feat. Ext.

Data type

Learning paradigm

Meta-learning (2022)38

10

Multi

CICIDS2017

97.56%

CNN

Raw network traffic

Prototypical network

FS-IDS (2022)39

5

Binary

CICIDS2017

97.51%

CNN

Raw network traffic

Metric learning

SPN (2023)40

5

Binary

CICIDS2017

94.37%

CNN + Attention

Raw network traffic

Supervised learning

GDE (2023)41

140

Multi

CICIDS2018

99.13%

CNN

GAF image encoding

Diffusion model

Siamese Network (2023)42

1

Multi

CICIDS2017

80.81%

ANN

Statistical feature vectors

Siamese network

MetaMRE (2023)43

10

Binary

CICIDS2017

93.30%

Dilated causal conv

Raw network traffic

MAML

MetaMRE (2023)43

10

Multi

CICIDS2017

91.80%

Dilated causal conv

Raw network traffic

MAML

FE-MTDM (2023)25

65341 (1%)

Multi

CICIDS2017

99.70%

Shallow NN + RF

Raw + statistical features

Prototypical network

MAML+CNN (2023)3

5

Multi

FSIDS IoT

89.64%

CNN

Statistical feature vectors

MAML

FML (2024)44

10

Multi

CICIDS2017

87.27%

ResNet

Statistical feature vectors

Federated meta learning

Res-Natural GAN (2024)45

15

Binary

CICIDS2018

95.75%

GAN based CNN

Raw network traffic

Prototypical network

Self-Sufficient Model

5

Multi

CICIDS2017

92.80%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Supervised learning

Transfer-Enhanced Model

5

Multi

CICIDS2017

93.40%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Transfer learning

Self-Sufficient Model

10

Multi

CICIDS2017

92.90%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Supervised learning

Transfer-Enhanced Model

10

Multi

CICIDS2017

95.20%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Transfer learning

Self-Sufficient Model

5

Multi

CICIDS2018

98.40%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Supervised learning

Transfer-Enhanced Model

5

Multi

CICIDS2018

98.50%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Transfer learning

Self-Sufficient Model

10

Multi

CICIDS2018

98.70%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Supervised learning

Transfer-Enhanced Model

10

Multi

CICIDS2018

99.50%

CNN + Transformer

Raw + statistical features

Transfer learning