Fig. 3
LMW-F-DFR-DM delays the expression of biomarkers associated with cell death, proliferation, and keratinocyte/fibroblast function. (A, B) Western blot analysis was performed using targeted antibodies to detect molecular signatures of biomarkers associated with function of epidermal/dermal structure (K14, K10, involucrin, LC3, p53, collagen, fibronectin, α-sma), cell proliferation (Ki67), and cell death (PARP, pro-caspase 3, cleaved caspase 3) in each group of 3D-FT-HSEM at each time point. Actin was used as a loading control. (C–E) The bar graphs indicate the expression levels of targeted biomarkers derived from quantitative analysis of the western blot images. β-actin was used as an internal control to normalize protein expression. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of triplicate assays, relative to control. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus corresponding controls.
