Table 17 Spatial spillover effects using the economic distance matrix.

From: Endowing urban business environments with an intelligent brain: empirical evidence from cities in western China

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Main effect

Direct effect

Indirect effect

Total effect

Policy

0.010**

0.011***

0.019**

0.0290***

(2.812)

(2.840)

(2.459)

(3.635)

Control variables

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Area fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Time fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

1200

1200

1200

1200

  1. The first column represents the main spatial effect, the second column shows the direct spatial effect, the third column presents the indirect spatial effect, and the fourth column reports the total spatial effect.
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