Table 5 Baseline regression results.

From: Endowing urban business environments with an intelligent brain: empirical evidence from cities in western China

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

BE

BE

BE

BE

did

0.030***

0.006**

0.005*

 

(9.730)

(2.059)

(1.857)

 

Urbanization rate

 

0.000**

0.000**

0.001**

 

(2.219)

(2.347)

(3.159)

Urban economic density

 

0.396***

0.410***

0.410***

 

(28.105)

(28.175)

(28.507)

Expenditure on education level

 

0.015

0.012

0.0018

 

(0.484)

(0.375)

(0.059)

Fiscal investment effort

 

− 0.003***

− 0.003***

− 0.003***

 

(− 4.234)

(− 3.858)

(− 4.109)

Internet penetration rate

 

0.000*

0.000*

0.001***

 

(1.652)

(1.730)

(2.612)

Economic development

 

0.008*

0.000*

− 0.008**

 

(1.924)

(1.730)

(− 2.564)

did (ln (GDPpc) < 10.771)

   

0.001

   

(0.076)

did (ln (GDPpc) > 10.771)

   

0.008**

   

(2.471)

Constant

0.042***

− 0.113*

0.080

0.120***

(5.421)

(− 1.828)

(1.035)

(2.655)

City fixed effects

No

No

Yes

Yes

Year fixed effects

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

N

1312

1312

1312

1312

R2

0.071

0.547

0.549

0.546

  1. The first column presents results without control variables and fixed effects. The second columns show results with time fixed effects. The third column includes both control variables and a model with dual fixed effects. The fourth column presents the results of threshold regression. The brackets represent t value. ***, **, and * denote 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels, respectively.
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