Table 4 Results of robustness test on replacing cores variable measurement.

From: ESG ratings empower high-quality development of logistics enterprises through digital transformation and green innovation

VAR

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Replace the dependent variables

Replace the independent variables

Replace dependent and independent variables

SIZE2

TFP2

SIZE1

TFP1

SIZE2

TFP2

ESG1

0.2366***

0.1504***

    

(5.085)

(3.068)

    

ESG2

  

0.0926***

0.1256***

0.1996***

0.1303***

  

(3.368)

(2.997)

(5.076)

(3.111)

Control variables

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Enterprises

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

City-Year

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

OBS

490

364

490

364

490

364

R2_A

0.945

0.852

0.964

0.904

0.944

0.852

  1. Note: The values in parentheses ( ) represent t-values; ***, **, and * denote p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.1, respectively.
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