Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids attenuate MSG-induced neurodegeneration by modulating tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and VDR expression in rats

Fig. 1

Rats’ performances in the open field test. The track plots show the positions of the animals during the entire duration of the test (A); the inner squares denote the supposed central zone. The graphs show the total distance traveled by the animals (B), average speed of animal movement (C), number of line crossings during the test period (D), number of grooming behaviors (E), number of rearing activities (F), number of entries into the central zone (G) and time spent in the central zone (H) among the experimental groups; the control group. MSG (Monosodium glutamate), Vit D (vitamin D), N-3 PUFAs (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and the combined treatment group (MSG + Vit D + N-3). The data are expressed as the means ± SEMs or medians (IQRs) (n = 10 per group). Symbols above individual bars indicate a significant P value of < 0.05 for multiple pairwise comparisons between groups according to Tukey’s post hoc HSD test or Dunn’s multiple comparison test; (a): for significance vs. control; (b): for significance vs. MSG; (c): for significance vs. Vit D; and (d): for significance vs. N-3 PUFAs.

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