Fig. 6 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 6

From: Vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids attenuate MSG-induced neurodegeneration by modulating tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and VDR expression in rats

Fig. 6

Histological findings in the hippocampal tissues of the experimental groups. The arrows indicate ischemic neuronal injury to the granular layer (the G and M letters indicate the granular and molecular layers, respectively), H&E, X200, scale bar = 50 μm. The bar graph represents the percentage of degenerated neurons/500 cells within the hippocampal granular layer among the experimental groups; (A) (the control group), (B) (monosodium glutamate group; MSG), (C) (vitamin D group; MSG + Vit D), (D) (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid group; MSG + N-3), and (E) (the combined treatment group (MSG + Vit D + N-3)). The data are expressed as the means ± SEMs (n = 3 per group). Symbols above individual bars indicate a significant P value at < 0.05 for multiple pairwise comparisons between groups according to the Tukey HSD post hoc test; (a): for significance vs. control; (b): for significance vs. MSG; (c): for significance vs. Vit D; and (d): for significance vs. N-3 PUFAs.

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