Table 1 Challenges in smart City IoT security and data management.

From: Decentralized trust framework for smart cities: a blockchain-enabled cybersecurity and data integrity model

Challenge

Description

References

Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities

Increased Attack Surface: The extensive IoT network within smart cities produces numerous points of access through which cyberattacks can start. The incomplete security system faces serious challenges for IoT devices because these devices possess restricted resources. User-sensitive information becomes vulnerable to breaches by unauthorized entities.

1,2,15

Data Integrity Challenges

Tampering Risks: The data faces risks from malicious modification because hackers intercept it. Holding authentic data verifications stands as a challenge for centralised systems which cannot demonstrate data integrity. Authentication verification processes today consume a lot of resources while dealing with large datasets.

8,12,14

Scalability and Interoperability Issues

Diverse Ecosystems: Incompatibilities arise among heterogeneous technologies. Scalability Bottlenecks: High device density leads to latency and reduced system performance.

10,16,20

Lack of Decentralized Trust Mechanisms

Centralized Dependency: Reliance on single-point failure systems makes trust management unreliable. Manual Trust Management: Inefficient and prone to human errors.

9,13,21