Table 9 The main operating conditions for the three piston design cases.

From: Synergistic optimization of combustion chamber design and hydrogen injection strategies for ultra-lean combustion in hydrogen engines

Parameters

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Compression ratio

9

9

9

Relative air-fuel ratio (λ)

3

3

3

Engine speed (rpm)

2500

2500

2500

Intake pressure (MPa)

0.15

0.15

0.15

SOI (°CA BTDC)

90

90

35

Injection pressure (MPa)

10

10

10

Spark timing (°CA BTDC)

12

10

4