Fig. 5
From: Fat-tailed failure strength distributions and manufacturing defects in advanced composites
Normalized strength as a function of porosity (a) and wrinkle depth/thickness ratio (b) under compression (red) and tension (blue) loading. Both relationships demonstrate concavity, which, according to Jensen’s inequality (, for concave functions), explains why defect variability disproportionately reduces strength compared to uniform defects with the same average values. The more pronounced concavity in compression demonstrates mathematically why compression properties are more sensitive to manufacturing than tension properties. Note the logarithmic scale on both x-axes.
