Fig. 14

Statistical analysis of simulated Removal (%) values. The first subplot illustrates the distribution of predicted Removal values using Monte Carlo simulation (n = 1000) with a kernel density estimation. The second subplot presents the calculated mean and standard deviation of the simulated data. The third subplot shows a boxplot with a risk threshold line at the 95th percentile, representing the upper bound of expected Removal efficiency. This analysis was based on outputs from a trained machine learning model under experimentally optimized conditions.