Fig. 1

Map of targeted EPA ecoregions and eBird survey locations. (a) North and South American Level 1 Ecoregions for averaging of climate variables. (b) The eBird study region Ecoregion 5.3, a subset of Level 1 Ecoregion 5 (NA5), outlined in light green with individual eBird survey coordinates in black. (c) Data flow through random forest model ensembles. Monthly climate features are aggregated to the Level 1 Ecoregion spatial scale and monthly eBird species occurrence fractions across checklists are calculated for the Ecoregion 5.3 study region. An ensemble of ten models is trained and tested for each month and climate feature combination to predict checklist occurrence fractions, and the results of the ensemble are then averaged. Maps (a) and (b) created in QGIS version 3.34⁴³, with basemaps from Natural Earth.