Table 2 Characteristics of the mixed subgrade constituents.

From: Geoenvironmental use of CaCo3 sludge in subgrade soil for a greener sugar industry

Materials

Type

Characteristics

Ordinary Portland cement, (OPC)

Type-I

Specific gravity, Gs = 3.16; Specific surface = 3,150 cm2/g

Calcium carbonate sludge, (CaCO3)

Oxide powder

Specific gravity, Gs = 2.72; Particles size = 1–10 μm, specific surface area of 0.228 m2/g

Unqualified crushed rocks

Well graded

The maximum size, Dmax = 45 mm

No. 200 sieve passing perc. = 20%

Liquid Limit, LL = 16%

Plasticity Index, PI = 12

Water

Tap water

pH = 7