Table 4 Segmentation performance on the external validation set for all three architectures with ensembled predictions.

From: Automatic segmentation of liver structures in multi-phase MRI using variants of nnU-Net and Swin UNETR

nnU-Net6

DSC

IOU

PPV

TPR

LFPR

LTPR

VD

Liver parenchyma

0.97 [0.94, 0.99]

0.94 [0.91, 0.97]

0.98 [0.96, 1.00]

0.96 [0.94, 0.99]

–

–

0.10 [0.02, 0.19]

Portal vein

0.85 [0.81, 0.89]

0.76 [0.71, 0.81]

0.94 [0.92, 0.96]

0.80 [0.74, 0.85]

–

–

0.32 [0.23, 0.42]

Hepatic veins

0.83 [0.78, 0.88]

0.74 [0.68, 0.80]

0.93 [0.91, 0.95]

0.78 [0.72, 0.85]

–

-

0.34 [0.23, 0.45]

Lesions

0.55 [0.43, 0.67]

0.45 [0.32, 0.57]

0.93 [0.88, 0.98]

0.48 [0.34, 0.61]

0.06 [0.00, 0.12]

0.94 [0.87, 1.00]

0.90 [0.67, 1.12]

Ascites

0.00 [0.00, 0.01]

0.00 [0.00, 0.01]

0.42 [0.00, 1.00]

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

–

–

1.73 [0.00, 5.98]

Abdominal aorta

0.98 [0.98, 0.99]

0.98 [0.98, 0.98]

0.98 [0.98, 0.99]

0.98 [0.97, 0.99]

–

–

0.01 [0.01, 0.02]

Thoracic aorta

0.97 [0.96, 0.99]

0.95 [0.94, 0.98]

0.99 [0.99, 0.99]

0.97 [0.96, 0.99]

–

–

0.03 [0.02, 0.04]

ResEnc nnU-Net21

Liver parenchyma

0.97 [0.95, 0.99]

0.94 [0.92, 0.97]

0.97 [0.95, 0.99]

0.97 [0.96, 0.99]

-

-

0.09 [-0.00, 0.18]

Portal vein

0.76 [0.70, 0.81]

0.64 [0.58, 0.70]

0.92 [0.88, 0.96]

0.69 [0.63, 0.75]

-

-

0.61 [0.33, 0.89]

Hepatic veins

0.76 [0.71, 0.82]

0.64 [0.58, 0.70]

0.90 [0.87, 0.93]

0.69 [0.63, 0.75]

-

-

0.46 [0.35, 0.57]

Lesions

0.37 [0.24, 0.50]

0.27 [0.15, 0.40]

0.87 [0.74, 1.00]

0.28 [0.15, 0.41]

0.12 [-0.01, 0.25]

0.82 [0.67, 0.96]

1.23 [1.02, 1.45]

Ascites

0.02 [0.00, 0.21]

0.01 [0.00, 0.11]

0.47 [0.00, 1.00]

0.01 [0.00, 0.12]

–

–

1.70 [0.00, 5.80]

Abdominal aorta

0.97 [0.96, 0.97]

0.94 [0.93, 0.95]

0.98 [0.98, 0.99]

0.95 [0.95, 0.96]

–

–

0.07 [0.06, 0.08]

Thoracic aorta

0.96 [0.94, 0.97]

0.92 [0.90, 0.94]

0.99 [0.99, 1.00]

0.93 [0.91, 0.95]

–

–

0.12 [0.08, 0.15]

Swin UNETR22

Liver parenchyma

0.92 [0.87, 0.97]

0.88 [0.82, 0.93]

0.92 [0.88, 0.96]

0.93 [0.88, 0.98]

–

–

0.17 [0.04, 0.30]

Portal vein

0.61 [0.55, 0.67]

0.47 [0.41, 0.52]

0.71 [0.65, 0.77]

0.58 [0.52, 0.65]

–

–

0.70 [0.33, 1.07]

Hepatic veins

0.51 [0.44, 0.58]

0.37 [0.31, 0.43]

0.67 [0.60, 0.74]

0.47 [0.39, 0.54]

–

–

0.76 [0.59, 0.94]

Lesions

0.25 [0.14, 0.36]

0.18 [0.10, 0.27]

0.36 [0.23, 0.50]

0.28 [0.16, 0.40]

0.76 [0.67, 0.85]

0.77 [0.62, 0.92]

188 [0.00, 322]

Ascites

0.00 [0.00, 0.01]

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

0.27 [0.00, 1.00]

0.00 [0.00, 0.00]

–

–

1.36 [0.00, 5.98]

Abdominal aorta

0.91 [0.89, 0.92]

0.83 [0.81, 0.86]

0.91 [0.89, 0.92]

0.92 [0.89, 0.94]

–

–

0.17 [0.11, 0.22]

Thoracic aorta

0.84 [0.79, 0.90]

0.77 [0.70, 0.83]

0.88 [0.85, 0.92]

0.85 [0.78, 0.92]

–

–

0.32 [0.19, 0.45]

  1. Best results are bold and the 95%-confidence intervals are denoted in brackets.
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