Fig. 3
From: Termite antimicrobial defense through interaction with symbiotic microorganisms in nest materials
a Dual-culture assay results showing inhibition of fungal growth (M. anisopliae) by Streptomyces #107 strain. b Dual-culture assay results showing inhibition of bacterial growth (Bacillus subtilis) by Streptomyces #107 strain. c Inhibitory effects of Streptomyces on pathogenic fungi. Significant inhibition was observed against M. anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Wilcoxon rank sum test, *P < 0.05). d Inhibitory effects of isolated Streptomyces on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Significant inhibition was observed against Gram-positive bacteria (Bs B. subtilis, Bt: Bacillus thuringiensis, and Ml Micrococcus luteus) compared to Gram-negative bacteria (Pa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Sm Serratia marcescens) (Wilcoxon rank sum test, **P < 0.01, n.s. = not significant). e Termite worker survival over 20 days. Pathogen (+) indicates the presence of M. anisopliae, while Pathogen (–) indicates its absence. Streptomyces (+) represents the presence of Streptomyces #107, and Streptomyces (–) represents its absence. Different letters indicate significant differences in survival rates among treatments (log-rank test, pairwise comparisons adjusted by Holm–Bonferroni method, α = 0.05).
