Fig. 7 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 7

From: Thymol alleviates silica dioxide nanoparticle-induced reproductive performance toxicity via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in male rats

Fig. 7

Effects of SiO₂-NPsand thymol on inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant markers, and lipid peroxidation levels in testicular tissue of male rats. (A) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (pg/mg tissue). (B) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (pg/mg tissue). (C) Glutathione (GSH) concentration (µmol/g tissue). (D) Catalase (CAT) activity (U/mg protein). (E) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (U/mg protein). (F) Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (nmol/mg tissue). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). Bars with different superscript letters (a–c) indicate statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05).

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