Fig. 2

Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationships among AD, GBM and Parental history of AD. (a) Forest plot showing causal estimate of GBM on AD. (b) Forest plot showing causal estimate of AD on GBM. (c) Forest plot showing causal estimate of Parental history of AD on AD. (d) Forest plot showing causal estimate of Parental history of AD on GBM. The odds ratio (OR) was estimated using the Inverse variance weighting, Weighted median, MR-Egger regression, Maximum likelihood and IVW radial. The horizontal bars represent 95% confidence intervals (CI).