Table 5 Factors associated with the preoperative PPS VD in glaucoma patients who undergone glaucoma surgery.

Variables	Univariate			Multivariate
Variables	Beta	95% CI	P value	Beta	95% CI	P value
Age, per 1 y older	0.087	− 0.003 to 0.177	0.057	0.087	− 0.011 to 0.185	0.082
Axial length, per 1 mm larger	− 1.516	− 2.482 to − 0.549	0.003	− 0.992	− 2.005 to − 0.020	0.050
Central corneal thickness, per 1 μm thicker	− 0.009	− 0.060 to 0.042	0.724
Preoperative av pRNFLT, per 1 μm thicker	− 0.063	− 0.213 to 0.087	0.403
Preoperative av mGC/IPLT, per 1 μm thicker	0.016	− 0.145 to 0.178	0.841
Preoperative MD of VF, per 1 dB higher	− 0.057	− 0.254 to 0.140	0.656
Preoperative PSD of VF, per 1 dB higher	0.041	− 0.179 to 0.261	0.710
Preoperative IOP, per 1 mmHg higher	− 0.100	− 0.351 to 0.151	0.429
Postoperative IOP, per 1 mmHg higher	− 0.123	− 0.670 to 0.424	0.656
Preoperative laminar VD, per 1% higher	0.272	0.057 to 0.486	0.014	0.299	0.083 to 0.515	0.007

CI, confidence interval; av, average; pRNFLT, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness; mGC/IPLT, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness; IOP, intraocular pressure; VF, visual field; MD, mean deviation; PSD, pattern standard deviation; dB, decibel; PPS, peripapillary sclera; VD, vessel density.
Factors with P < 0.2 in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis.
Factors with statistical significance are shown in bold.

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