Fig. 6

PCA Analysis and Heatmap of Spectral Ratios This figure comprises three components illustrating the relationship between spectral ratios in controls and patients: (A) PCA plot analysis comparing spectral ratios for control subjects (n = 8) and patients (n = 22), highlighting the clustering of the two groups based on spectral data. (B) A heatmap visualizing the patient data across different clusters, with a color scale representing the percentage of patients and controls for each attribute relative to the corresponding ratios. The scale ranges from the lowest cluster mean (− 2) to the highest cluster mean (2.0), indicating variability within the data. (C) The ROC curve illustrating the area under the curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity for each corresponding ratio, providing a measure of diagnostic performance.