Table 2 Axical coding of critical factors influencing the enhancement of S&T innovation effectiveness.
Primary category | Secondary category | Initial category | Relationship and meaning explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
A: Researcher professional skills | A1: Researcher skill level | a08: Mastery of research knowledge and skills | A1 represents the foundational conditions for S&T innovation. A2 determines the depth of innovation, while A3 governs the proactive involvement in innovation. Together, these elements form the essential skill set required for researchers to implement S&T innovation |
A2: Awareness of research innovation | a16: Research innovation awareness and thinking | ||
A3: Research intrinsic motivation | a15: Research interest and motivation | ||
a19: Research mission and sense of responsibility | |||
a22: Organizational and motivational incentives | |||
B: Research team collaboration | B1: Research collaboration | a05: Research team collaboration and coordination | B1 directly or indirectly affects the S&T innovation outcomes, quality, and sense of recognition among researchers |
a20: Communication and collaboration among researchers | |||
C: Research policy and incentive mechanisms | C1: Research policy and resource support | a01: Research output evaluation and performance incentives | C1 directly influences the rights of researchers, as well as their enthusiasm, initiative, and the effectiveness and quality of their S&T innovation efforts |
a02: Investment and allocation of research resources | |||
a07: Salary and compensation, and reward strength | |||
D: Construction of a research innovation environment | D1: Protection of researcher rights | a09: Guarantee of research time flexibility | D1 represents the basic protection of researchers to carry out their work; D2 provides a conducive innovation atmosphere for research; D3 ensures appropriate platform support for innovation. These factors collectively guarantee researchers’ access to more innovation opportunities and support |
a12: Protection of researcher rights and status | |||
D2: Research innovation atmosphere and condition | a03: Innovation environment and academic atmosphere | ||
a04: Academic exchange and research collaboration | |||
D3: Research platform support | a13: Research platform development and support | ||
a14: Research training and learning opportunities | |||
E: Research management and organizational support | E1: Research institution management | a17: Research leadership skills and competence | E1 reflects the leadership and organizational management standards of research institutions. E2 directly influences the innovation drive of researchers, E3 shapes the direction of innovation, and E4 directly impacts the efficiency of innovation as well as the psychological well-being of researchers. Collectively, these factors ensure the smooth implementation of technological innovation and safeguard researchers’ rights |
a24: Research organization and management mechanisms | |||
E2: Research innovation management | a18: Flexibility in use of research funds | ||
a21: Efficiency of scientific and technology innovation services | |||
E3: Management of research outcomes | a06: Research output orientation and application of results | ||
a23: Intellectual property and outcome protection | |||
E4: Research project management | a10: Research management efficiency and standards | ||
a11: Research project management quality |
