Fig. 2

Electrode placement using the extended international 10–20 system. The extended international 10–20 system (10% system) was employed to place 32 electrodes on the scalp, with the electrodes distributed across various regions of the cortex. The electrodes were categorized as follows: prefrontal (Fp1, Fp2), medial prefrontal (mPFC) at Fpz, ventrolateral prefrontal (F7, F8), dorsolateral prefrontal (F3, F4), frontal (FC5, FC1, FC2, FC6), midfrontal (Fz, Cz), temporal (T7, T8, P7, P8), parietal (C3, C4, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, P3, P4), midparietal (Pz), occipital (O1, O2), and midoccipital (POz). The reference for the system was CPz, with grounding at AFz.