Fig. 5

Significant correlations among physiological and biochemical factors, highlighting relationships between photosynthetic pigments, stress markers, lipid peroxidation (MDA), Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), electrolyte leakage (ELI), and enzymatic activities (APX; Ascorbate peroxidase, CAT; Catalase, PPO; Polyphenol Oxidase).