Table 3 Hypothetical results.

H1. Learning_motivation

←

GAI_interaction

0.116

0.056

2.071

0.038

Supported

H2. Creative_self_efficacy

←

GAI_interaction

0.179

0.045

3.968

***

Supported

H3. Learning_motivation

←

GAI_output_quality

0.324

0.058

5.584

***

Supported

H4. Learning_outcomes

←

GAI_output_quality

0.405

0.054

7.462

***

Supported

H5. Creative_self_efficacy

←

Academic_self_efficacy

0.428

0.056

7.677

***

Supported

H6. Academic_self_efficacy

←

Learning_motivation

0.552

0.060

9.164

***

Supported

H7. Learning_outcomes

←

Learning_motivation

0.201

0.064

3.141

0.002

Supported

H8. Learning_outcomes

←

Creative_self_efficacy

0.143

0.059

2.425

0.015

Supported