Table 1 Effect of Azotobacter, Rhizophagus, and consortium inoculation on morphometric traits of bitter gourd plant under salinity stress condition.

From: Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and Rhizophagus irregularis on morphological and biochemical traits of bitter gourd under saline conditions

Trait

T1 (NP)

T2 (SS)

T3 (Ac)

T4 (Ri)

T5 (Ac + Ri)

Perimeter (cm)

60.45 ± 2.21a

31.00 ± 1.38c

46.49 ± 2.06b

47.99 ± 2.13b

56.77 ± 3.00a

Area (cm2)

42.89 ± 0.46a

11.59 ± 0.18c

26.08 ± 0.40b

27.79 ± 0.43b

41.96 ± 0.85a

Width mid-height (cm)

3.65 ± 0.28a

2.05 ± 0.17c

3.08 ± 0.26b

3.18 ± 0.27b

4.11 ± 0.38a

Maximum width (cm)

4.95 ± 0.03a

2.63 ± 0.02c

3.95 ± 0.03b

4.08 ± 0.03b

5.00 ± 0.04a

Height mid-width (cm)

14.86 ± 2.05a

6.95 ± 1.28c

10.43 ± 1.93b

10.76 ± 1.99b

11.43 ± 2.80a

Maximum height (cm)

16.19 ± 0.41a

8.38 ± 0.26c

12.57 ± 0.39b

12.97 ± 0.40b

15.50 ± 0.56a

Fruit shape index external I

3.27 ± 0.12a

2.97 ± 0.02c

3.19 ± 0.12b

3.25 ± 0.01a

3.27 ± 0.01a

Fruit shape index external II

4.08 ± 0.91a

2.77 ± 0.01e

4.00 ± 0.01d

4.03 ± 0.02c

4.06 ± 0.01b

Fruit shape triangle

2.51 ± 0.01a

2.31 ± 0.01e

2.41 ± 0.06d

2.44 ± 0.06c

2.49 ± 0.06b

Ellipsoid

0.09 ± 0.01b

0.05 ± 0.01d

0.07 ± 0.01c

0.08 ± 0.01bc

0.11 ± 0.01a

Circular

0.38 ± 0.02b

0.32 ± 0.02d

0.36 ± 0.02c

0.37 ± 0.02bc

0.40 ± 0.02a

Rectangular

0.28 ± 0.01b

0.24 ± 0.01d

0.27 ± 0.01c

0.27 ± 0.01bc

0.30 ± 0.01a

Distal end protrusion

0.16 ± 0.04a

0.10 ± 0.01d

0.13 ± 0.01c

0.14 ± 0.04bc

0.15 ± 0.04b

Vertical asymmetry

0.58 ± 0.01a

0.32 ± 0.18d

0.42 ± 0.18c

0.51 ± 0.06b

0.60 ± 0.02a

Horizontal asymmetry

1.49 ± 0.20b

1.21 ± 0.03e

1.36 ± 0.03d

1.40 ± 0.02c

1.54 ± 0.20a

Width widest position

0.42 ± 0.09b

0.31 ± 0.09e

0.35 ± 0.09d

0.38 ± 0.09c

0.44 ± 0.09a

Eccentricity

0.75 ± 0.10b

0.56 ± 0.03e

0.61 ± 0.01d

0.65 ± 0.03c

0.70 ± 0.10a

Proximal eccentricity

0.95 ± 0.04a

0.84 ± 0.02d

0.89 ± 0.01c

0.90 ± 0.04c

0.93 ± 0.04b

Distal eccentricity

0.93 ± 0.02a

0.80 ± 0.01d

0.85 ± 0.01c

0.87 ± 0.01c

0.89 ± 0.01b

Fruit shape index internal

4.10 ± 0.93a

2.77 ± 0.02d

3.76 ± 0.05c

3.98 ± 0.02b

4.02 ± 0.93b

Eccentricity area index

0.39 ± 0.05b

0.30 ± 0.01d

0.34 ± 0.01c

0.35 ± 0.01c

0.42 ± 0.05a

  1. *Mean with the same letter are not significantly different, p ≤ 0.05, LSD.
  2. T1—Normal Package, T2—Salt stress, T3Azotobacter chroococum, T4Rhizophagus irregularis, T5Azotobacter + Rhizophagus.