Fig. 1

Phylogenomic analysis and resistance and virulence genes of S. epidermidis strains using WGS associated with clinical outcome. In the MSI isolates, ST2, ST6, ST23, ST885, and ST1199 predominated; while all ST2 originated only from pathogenic isolates (32.2% vs. 0%, P = 0.019). Clonal complex 2 (CC2) (ST2, ST23, ST5, ST73, and ST89) were 37%. MecA gene predominated in pathogenic isolates (50% vs. 6.5%, P < 0.001), without significant impact in the outcome. The complete icaADBC operon was carried mainly in pathogenic isolates (39.1% vs. 19.6%, P = 0.90), without significant impact in the outcome. Genetic element IS256, was carried by 41.3% of pathogenic isolates, and a significant predictor of recurrence (OR, 8.00, 95%CI, 10.6–60.3, P = 0.044).