Fig. 1

Coleman’s macro-micro-macro model: original and our study focus. Coleman’s Macro-Micro-Macro Model (black lines) illustrates how social structures shape individual actions, which in turn influence collective outcomes. This study focuses on the red-highlighted paths, examining how both macro- (1) and micro-level (2) social network positions, as well as their interaction, relate to individual productivity (3) within teams, addressing less-explored stages of the existing studies.