Table 5 Descriptive statistics of the angular kinematics in men (n = 20), presented as mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD).

Cadence (rpm)

83.6 ± 1.7

83.4 ± 2.2

83.4 ± 2

83 ± 2.4

83.6 ± 2.4

83.5 ± 2.2

-

-

-

Hip

Maximum hip flexion (º)

66.2 ± 6.3

65.4 ± 6.4

66.8 ± 6.5

66.5 ± 6.4

68 ± 6.7

67.7 ± 6.6

a b c

g

-

Crank position at maximum hip flexion (º)

20.3 ± 6

19.6 ± 6.2

18.3 ± 6.3

17.8 ± 6.6

15.4 ± 6.5

15.4 ± 6.6

d e f

-

-

Maximum hip extension (º)

24.7 ± 5.8

24 ± 5.9

25.6 ± 6

25.2 ± 6.1

26.5 ± 6

26.3 ± 6.1

a b c

g

-

Crank position at maximum hip extension (º)

183.9 ± 5.9

182.2 ± 6.2

182.5 ± 6.8

181.4 ± 6.5

180.1 ± 6.4

178.9 ± 6.1

d e f

g

-

Range (º)

41.5 ± 2.6

41.4 ± 3

41.2 ± 2.9

41.3 ± 2.6

41.4 ± 2.9

41.4 ± 2.9

-

-

-

Pelvic tilt

Pelvic tilt angle (º)

19 ± 7.6

18.4 ± 7.2

17.5 ± 6.9

17 ± 7.3

17.1 ± 7.8

18.3 ± 8.6

-

-

-

Vertical hip displacement

Range of vertical hip displacement (cm)

5.2 ± 1.2

5.2 ± 1.1

5 ± 1

4.9 ± 1.1

5.2 ± 1

5.4 ± 1.1

b c

-

-

Knee

Minimum knee flexion (º)

29.1 ± 8.2

28 ± 8.2

28 ± 8.3

27.2 ± 8.4

24.9 ± 8.4

24.5 ± 8.9

d e f

-

-

Crank position at minimum knee flexion (º)

163.7 ± 5.9

163.1 ± 6

162.6 ± 6.1

162.2 ± 6.2

160.7 ± 6

160 ± 5.8

d e f

g

-

Maximum knee flexion (º)

96.5 ± 5.3

96.1 ± 5.6

95.8 ± 5.5

95.6 ± 5.6

94.2 ± 5.7

94.1 ± 5.8

d e f

-

-

Crank position at maximum knee flexion (º)

320.7 ± 72.8

319.1 ± 76.6

326.9 ± 50.6

326.7 ± 55.4

331.8 ± 24.1

330.8 ± 29.2

-

-

-

Range (º)

67.4 ± 5.4

68.1 ± 5.7

67.8 ± 5.8

68.3 ± 5.3

69.3 ± 5.4

69.6 ± 5.3

b c

-

-

Medio-lateral knee displacement

Internal mean knee displacement (cm)

−1.8 ± 0.7

−1.7 ± 0.6

−1.8 ± 0.7

−1.6 ± 0.7

−1.9 ± 0.7

−1.8 ± 0.8

b

g

-

External mean knee displacement (cm)

2.2 ± 0.7

2.2 ± 0.7

2.2 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.8

2.2 ± 0.7

2.3 ± 0.9

-

-

-

Medial-lateral knee displacement range (cm)

4 ± 1.4

3.9 ± 1.3

3.9 ± 1.4

3.7 ± 1.4

4.1 ± 1.5

4.1 ± 1.6

b

-

-

Ankle

Plantar flexion (º)

14.8 ± 5.7

14.5 ± 5.5

15.6 ± 5.5

14.7 ± 5.4

17 ± 5

16.6 ± 5.3

b c

-

-

Crank position at plantar flexion (º)

201.4 ± 45.9

204.5 ± 46.6

193.8 ± 52.1

200.9 ± 44.8

182 ± 44.5

194.1 ± 38.1

-

-

h

Dorsal flexion (º)

0.8 ± 7.4

2.6 ± 6.8

0.9 ± 7.9

2 ± 7.4

1 ± 7.5

2.2 ± 7.2

-

g

-

Crank position at dorsal flexion (º)

92.4 ± 52.6

94.1 ± 61

92.5 ± 62.1

86.8 ± 50.9

84.9 ± 62.2

83.7 ± 59.6

-

-

i

Range (º)

15.6 ± 5.1

17.1 ± 5

16.5 ± 5.6

16.8 ± 5.8

18 ± 6

18.8 ± 6

-

-

-